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问题描述：

[多选] 开始补充益生菌出现症状加重是因为（）
A．赫氏反应 B．不适合补充益生菌 C．肠道失调严重 D．有害菌释放毒素
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一个3周大的男孩被带到有1周强迫呕吐史的儿科医生办公室。 几乎每次喂奶后他都在呕吐。 呕吐物含有大部分未消化的配方，并且是非胆汁的。 检查时，他的口腔粘膜干燥，他的前font门似乎凹陷了，他的毛细血管补充时间为3-4秒。 腹部检查发现上腹部有2 cm肿块。 其余的考试没有什么变化。 以下哪种电解质发现最有可能出现？A 3-week-old boy is brought to the pediatrician"s office with a 1-week history of forceful vomiting． He has been vomiting after almost every feeding． The vomitus contains mostly undigested formula and is non-bilious． On examination， his oral mucosa is dry， his anterior fontanelle appears to be depressed， and his capillary refill is 3-4 seconds． Abdominal examination reveals a 2 cm mass in the epigastrium． The remainder of the examination is unremarkable． Which of the following electrolyte findings will most likely be seen？
一个2周大的男孩被父母带到急诊室。 他一生的前几周已经脱水，并且经常呕吐。 父母说，婴儿每次喂奶后都会呕吐，但他总是很饿。 呕吐与进食一致，且颜色不佳。 经检查，婴儿无发热，前font凹陷。 心脏和肺部检查未发现异常。 腹部检查显示可见的蠕动性胃蠕动波，在肝边缘下方上中隔的脐带上方和右侧，有一个2cm坚硬的活动块。 凳子是愈创木脂阴性的。 实验室研究与这种情况的典型发现是一致的。 放置鼻胃管和静脉内管线。 以下哪项是管理中最合适的下一步？A 2-week-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents． He has become dehydrated during his first few weeks of life and is vomiting frequently． The parents state that the infant vomits after each feeding but he is always hungry． The emesis is consistent with feedings and nonbilious in Color． On examination， the infant is afebrile and the anterior fontanelle is sunken． Heart and lung examinations reveal no abnormalities． Abdominal examination shows visible gastric peristaltic waves and a 2cm firm， mobile mass above and to the right of the umbilicus in the mid-epigastrium beneath the liver edge． Stool is guaiac-negative． Laboratory studies are consistent with the typical findings of this condition． A nasogastric tube and intravenous line are placed． Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management？
怀孕33周的一名23岁孕妇gravida 2第1段就医 因为呼吸急促 到目前为止，妊娠一直很简单。 她 开始注意到人们需要大约20周的呼吸时间， 自那时以来一直保持这种状态，最近的情况只是稍有恶化。 她没有胸痛，恶心， 呕吐，发汗或相关症状，并且具有正常的运动耐力。 她有 没有医疗问题，也从未做过手术。 她过去的产科史对 足月分娩2年前。 她的血压是100/60毫米汞柱，脉搏是80 /分钟， 温度为37．0 C（98．6 F），呼吸为16 / min。 她的身体检查是 完全在正常范围内。 胸部X线检查也正常。 实验室研究，包括 动脉血气，显示：A 23-year-old woman， gravida 2， para 1， at 33 weeks" gestation comes to the physician because of shortness of breath． The pregnancy has been uncomplicated up to this point． She started noticing the awareness of the need to breathe at about 20 weeks and this has remained since that time with only a slight recent worsening． She has no chest pain， nausea， vomiting， diaphoresis， or associated symptoms， and has normal exercise tolerance． She has no medical problems and has never had surgery． Her past obstetric history is significant for a term vaginal delivery 2 years ago． Her blood pressure is 100/60 mm Hg， pulse is 80/min， temperature is 37．0 C （98．6 F）， and respirations are 16/min． Her physical examination is entirely within normal limits． Chest x-ray is also normal． Laboratory studies， including an arterial blood gas， show: pH: 7．45 PCO2: 28 mm Hg PO2: 96 mm Hg Sodium: 135 mEq/L Potassium: 4．0 mEq/L Chloride: 105 mEq/L Bicarbonate: 22 mEq/L 这些实验室值趋向于以下哪个？These laboratory values are trending toward which of the following？
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